What is a Genome? A genome is the complete set of genetic information that defines a living organism. It includes all the DNA in an organism's cells, which contains the instructions needed to build and maintain that organism. Image: Cell [Credit: genome.gov ] At the core of the genome is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a special molecule that carries genetic information. Think of DNA as a long instruction manual for building everything in our body. DNA is made up of four smaller molecules known as bases : Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) The sequence, or order, of these bases is what provides the instructions for making proteins, which are the building blocks of our cells and play a crucial role in how our bodies function. Image: DNA [Credit: yourgenome.org ] Genes: The Functional Units of DNA A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains instructions for producing a particular protein. For example, a gene might instruct the body to produce a protein that...
The field of genomics has made significant strides recently, driven by innovative research and new technologies. Here’s a look at some of the most notable developments from the past week, spanning population genomics, prenatal testing, and rare disease research. 1. Population Genomics and Precision Medicine At the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2024 Annual Meeting, Helix researchers shared promising insights on the applications of population genomics in personalized medicine. One major study focused on how genomic data can optimize weight loss treatments by identifying genetic factors that influence individual responses to drugs like semaglutide. Additionally, advancements in pharmacogenomics were highlighted, specifically on how understanding a person’s genetic makeup can help predict reactions to medications, leading to safer and more effective treatments. This research demonstrates the value of integrating genetic information into routine clinical care, providing doctors ...